precision current shunt

How Current Shunts Work | Hackaday To prevent loss of battery capacity recharge at least twice per year. Common accuracy specifications of current shunts are 0.1%, 0.25% or 0.5%. AD8421 As an example, a current shunt with resistance of 0.002 ohms and current of 30 Amps will result in the generation of 0.002 x 30 = 0.06 volts or 60 mV (milliVolts). The value ofRin this instance will be 0.1 ohms, corresponding with the shunt resistor value. Maybe with the use of an o-scope but, unless you have the right protections, Id advise against it. View our selection of shunts from Simpson and shop online today with RS. 1Specifications indicate the maximum flatness deviation from dc, and include both measured AC-DC difference and the uncertainty of measurement. GUILDLINE INSTRUMENTS 9711B DC PRECISION CURRENT SHUNT is a four-terminal rack mount or bench instrument designed for convenient measurement of current in nine ranges from 10 microamperes to 300 amperes. AD4683 GUILDLINE INSTRUMENTS 9711B DC PRECISION CURRENT SHUNT is a four-terminal rack mount or bench instrument designed for convenient measurement of current in nine ranges from 10 microamperes to 300 amperes. It will also be necessary to cut a suitable hole for panel mounting the ammeter. Resistance Standards - Current Shunts - High Voltage Dividers | Ohm With two in parallel, you can get away with measuring 7.5A in a 0805 package. Aww come-on, dont make me be THAT guy. mrpendent has added a new project titled the C.A.T.. mrpendent has updated the log for The Grimoire Macropad. In many projects, its desirable to know just how much current is being drawn, and even more desirable to limit it to avoid catastrophic destruction. After that, everything damn-near made sense except mesh analysis. (THERE IT IS!). The coaxial design offers superior accuracy and low electromagnet influences, ensuring a linear and predictable frequency response. PCS-1000I provides a BNC output, which can connect with an oscilloscope to directly observe current waveform variationwithout using a current probe. mrpendent has updated the project titled The Grimoire Macropad. Counter-intuitively and opposite of a typical voltage source, output power decreases as load resistance decreases with a constant current supply. Damn right mate, Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) Battery Pack Test System. You must then attach the shunt to the negative cable connecting the battery bank to the electrical circuits. Most Ive used have a drop of about 20mOhm. Our devices cover: Use ADIs engineering community forum to find answers to common questions, access blogs, and submit your own unique questions about circuits and products to an ADI engineer. how about Conventional Current v. Electron Flow? Low inductance & capacitance flat frequency response. There shouldnt be any connection between the ammeter and the ground. Search 9 Gunzenhausen environmental services to find the best environmental restoration service for your project. Optimized for low offset, high bandwidth and speed, precision measurement of small currents. Gen Tojos Teeth: Morse Code Shows Up In The Strangest Places, Keebin With Kristina: The One With The Music Typewriter, Vintage Computer Festival East Was A Retro Madhouse, Hackaday Podcast 216: FETs, Fax, And Electrochemical Fab, This Week In Security: Session Puzzling, Session Keys, And Speculation, Making Hydrogen With Solar Energy, With Oxygen And Heat A Bonus, The Worlds First Agricultural Right To Repair Law, Building A Receiver With The ProgRock2 Programmable Crystal, When Your Smart Light Switches Stop Working, Build Your Own, Biomimetic Building Facades To Reduce HVAC Loads. If youre new to electronics, when you hear resistor, youre probably thinking of a little 1/4 watt beige device with some colourful bands indicating the value. Advances in wireless communication technology, autonomous vehicles, energy storage, human machine interfaces, and cloud-connected sensors that help form the Internet of Things (IoT) are all driving the demand for faster and more precise measurement capabilities in smaller form factors. The wiring should then feed from the shunt to the load. Optimized for measurement accuracy, with an isolation barrier for increased robustness and safety, offering a good balance between power consumption, size, and design complexity. Optimized solution for measurement accuracy. ADIs sensing, signal conversion, and signal processing technology powers energy infrastructure around the world. A high precision current shunt may also be used in the bench testing of equipment. 1Storage at extremes of temperature or humidity will cause a temporary change of shunt resistance by up to 20 ppm. Most of my DC work is at 13.8VDC or below, but one time as a Navy ET, I was working on a power amp and got zapped my one of the output caps. A40B Instruction Manual (English) (854.4 KB), A40B Instruction Manual Supplement (21.92 KB), A40B Statement of Memory Volatility (16.45 KB), Calibrating current sources using A40B Series Current Shunts and the 5790B AC Measurement Standard (2.34 MB), A40B Precision Current Shunts Adapters, Cables and Connectors (789.83 KB), A40B Series Precision Current Shunts Data Sheet (795.94 KB), A40B Precision Current Shunts: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions (1.49 MB), Calibrating Precision Multimeters Using a Characterized Multifunction Calibrator (268.09 KB), Characterization of the Power Coefficient of AC and DC Current Shunts (748.55 KB), Fluke 5790B Measurement Standard Demo Video, Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers, Automated Pressure Controller / Calibrators, Pneumatic Pressure Controllers / Calibrators, High Pressure Pneumatic Controller / Calibrators, High-Pressure Hydraulic Deadweight Testers, Mechanical / Dimensional Calibration Software, Thermocouple Voltage to Temperature Calculator, DH Instruments Pressure and Flow Calibration, A40B Series Precision DC and AC Current Shunts. Also, the wide current range allows verification of high current transconductance amplifiers. PDF 7550A en - Prodigit The precision current sensing signal chains offer a wide range of accurate, robust, and industry-proven current measurement solutions that can be adopted in all environments to measure current in low, medium, or high power applications. SKU: 50A - 100A Category: AC/DC SHUNTS. In Switzerland we learned it as U=R*I, because the canton of Uri is well known here. I think not being around pirate chemists is helping also. Important Use of a Current Shunt in Electrical Calibration This type of current shunt can be used in combination with a voltmeter for assessment of the current level flowing through the circuit. Other times, a very accurate current shunt may be desired during the bench testing of equipment. The low phase shift error is critical for measurement of non-sinusoidal wave shapes, as found in power quality or sampling digital wattmeter measurement applications. It drives the output voltage so the 800 ohm shunt resistance has minimal interaction with the measurement device. A precision coaxial current shunt for current AC-DC transfer Learn how ADIs precision current sensing signal chains can be applied to solve your most difficult current measurement challenges in applications as diverse as motor control inverters, DC-to-DC converters, valve/solenoid control, protective relays, AC-to-DC metering, and PV inverters. Precision Current Shunts - Shunt | Ohm-Labs, Inc. As an example, consider a microcontroller used to control a DC motor with a transistor controlled by a PWM output. Designed for currents from 1 mA to 100A, the current shunts are for laboratory use in making directly measured absolute . Ohm-Labs' mission is"Excellence in Resistance. A current flows through a resistor, and the voltage drop across the resistor is measured. document.write(year); Some meters feature in-built precision current shunts and allow measurements to be taken in terms of DC current and Watts. I guess I think that since A is the unit amps. The most accurate and widely recommended DC shunt available today! Quick Operation Guide x1, User Manual (CD) x1, AC Power Cord x1 (by region). Guildline Instruments 9230A SERIES of precision DCcurrent shunts / standards are true 4-terminal devicesintended for the precise measurement of DC current. Optimized solution for bidirectional current measurements in the presence of PWM-type input common-mode voltages. AD8418A Achieve low drift over a wide temperature range with our zero-drift architecture and precision matched, integrated gain resistors. SHA Series Precision Shunts. 3270Series350V,1875W~22500WAC & DC Electronic Load, 3282280V,1875W / 3700VA Power Factor RLC Load, 33430G Series1800W / 3600WHigh Power LED DC Electronic Load, 3350G Series4KW~6KWHigh Power DC Electronic Load, 34000C Series6KW~24KWHigh Power DC Electronic Load, 34110A-1110KWHigh Slew-Rate High Power DC Electronic Load 100A/S, 34300E Series5KW~40KWHigh Power DC Electronic Load1250V, 36300E Series50KW/60KWHigh Power DC Electronic Load1250V, 4016800Vp, 20Arms / 200ApAC / DC Digital Power Analyzer, 4017100Vp, 12Adc / 60ApDC Digital Power Analyzer, 6010 Charger / Quick Charger / Adapter / LED Driver Test System, 9922-R Quick Charger ControllerBuilt-in RS232, 3340G Series150W~300WLED DC Electronic Load Simulator, 3330F Series40W~250W Dual DC Electronic Load, 3350F Series600W~1800WHigh Power DC Electronic Load, 33500F Series2.4KW~14.4KWHigh Power DC Electronic Load, 3360F Series600W~14.4KWHigh Voltage DC Electronic Load, 34000A Series5KW~40KWHigh Power DC Electronic Load, 36000A Series50KW / 60KWHigh Power DC Electronic Load, 9923 programmable DC load current waveform generator, 3270 Series 350V,1875W~22500WAC & DC Electronic Load, 6010 Charger / Quick Charger / Adapter / LED Driver Test System, 9841 Battery Charge and Discharge Test System, 4013A300V / 20AAC/DC Digitizing Power Meter, 4015A500V / 20AAC/DC Digitizing Power Meter, 4016800Vp,20Arms/200ApAC / DC Digital Power Analyzer, 4017100Vp,12Adc/60ApDC Digital Power Analyzer, GW InstekASD Series Programmable AC Power Supply , DELTAD Series Programmable DC Power Source, Quick Charger / Fast Charger / USB PD Charger, Charger/Quick Charger/Adapter/LED Driver Test System, 3317G / 3317G-M DC Electronic Load 80V, 160A, 800W, 3319G / 3319-M DC Electronic Load 500V, 40A, 800W, 3354G High Power DC Electronic Load 150V, 400A, 4000W, 3355G High Power DC Electronic Load 150V, 500A, 5000W, 3356G High Power DC Electronic Load 150V, 600A, 6000W, 3364G High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 280A, 4000W, 3365G High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 350A, 5000W, 3366G High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 420A, 6000W, 3374G High Power DC Electronic Load 1200V, 160A, 4000W, 3375G High Power DC Electronic Load 1200V, 200A, 5000W, 3376G High Power DC Electronic Load 1200V, 240A, 6000W, 34106C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 150V, 600A, 6KW, 34108C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 150V, 800A, 8KW, 34110C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 150V, 1000A, 10KW, 34112C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 150V, 1200A, 12KW, 34115C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 150V, 1500A, 15KW, 34118C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 150V, 1800A, 18KW, 34120C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 150V, 2000A, 20KW, 34124C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 150V, 2000A, 24KW, 34206C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 420A, 6KW, 34208C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 560A, 8KW, 34210C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 700A, 10KW, 34212C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 840A, 12KW, 34215C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 1050A, 15KW, 34218C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 1260A, 18KW, 34220C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 1400A, 20KW, 34224C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 1680A, 24KW, 34306C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1200V, 240A, 6KW, 34308C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1200V, 320A, 8KW, 34310C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1200V, 400A, 10KW, 34312C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1200V, 480A, 12KW, 34315C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1200V, 600A, 15KW, 34318C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1200V, 720A, 18KW, 34320C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1200V, 800A, 20KW, 34324C Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1200V, 960A, 24KW, 34110A-11 High Slew-Rate High Power DC Electronic Load 100A/S, 34305E Compact High Power DC Electronic Load1250V1250V, 25A, 5KW, 34310E Compact High Power DC Electronic Load1250V1250V, 50A, 10KW, 34315E Compact High Power DC Electronic Load1250V1250V, 75A, 15KW, 34320E Compact High Power DC Electronic Load1250V1250V, 100A, 20KW, 34325E Compact High Power DC Electronic Load1250V1250V, 125A, 25KW, 34330E Compact High Power DC Electronic Load1250V1250V, 150A, 30KW, 34335E Compact High Power DC Electronic Load1250V1250V, 175A, 35KW, 34340E Compact High Power DC Electronic Load1250V1250V, 200A, 40KW, 36350E Compact High Power DC Electronic Load1250V1250V, 250A, 50KW, 36360E Compact High Power DC Electronic Load1250V1250V, 300A, 60KW, 6010-01 1-CH Charger / Adapter / LED Driver Test System, 6010-23342GDual-channel Charger / Adapter / LED Driver Test System, 6010-233401GDual-channel Charger / Adapter / LED Driver Test System, 6010-043342G4 channel Charger / Adapter / LED Driver Test System, 6010-0433401G4 channel Charger / Adapter / LED Driver Test System, 3341G LED DC Electronic Load Simulator 300V, 24A, 300W, 3342G LED DC Electronic Load Simulator 500V, 12A, 300W, 3343G LED DC Electronic Load Simulator 500V, 24A, 300W, 3345G LED DC Electronic Load Simulator 120V, 4A, 150W, 3346G LED DC Electronic Load Simulator 120V, 12A, 300W, 33401G LED DC Electronic Load Simulator 500V, 6A, 150W*2, 33402G LED DC Electronic Load Simulator 120V, 2A, 75Wx2, 33403G LED DC Electronic Load Simulator 120V, 6A, 150Wx2, 33431G High Power LED DC Electronic Load Simulator 600V, 12A, 1800W, 33432G High Power LED DC Electronic Load Simulator 600V, 24A, 3600W, 3300C-01 Four Channel Mainframewith GPIB Interface, 3302C-01 Single Channel Mainframewith GPIB Interface, 3301A Four Channel Mainframewith GPIB Interface, Listen Only, 3310F-04 DC Electronic Load 120V , 30A , 150W, 3311F-04 DC Electronic Load 60V , 60A , 330W, 3311F-05 DC Electronic Load 120V , 60A , 300W, 3311F-16 DC Electronic Load 80V , 70A , 350W, 3312F-02 DC Electronic Load 250V , 12A , 330W, 3314F-02 DC Electronic Load 500V , 12A , 330W, 3330F Dual DC Electronic Load 80V,60A,250W & 80V,6A,50W, 3332F Dual DC Electronic Load 80V,24A,120W *2, 3336F Dual DC Electronic Load 80V,3A,40W *2, 3337F Dual DC Electronic Load 80V,30A,150W*2, 3350F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,120A,1200W, 3351F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,120A,1800W, 3352F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,240A,1200W, 3353F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,240A,1800W, 3354F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,360A,1800W, 3356F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,120A,600W, 3350F-06 High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 120A , 1200W, 3351F-05 High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 120A , 1800W, 3352F-05 High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 240A , 1200W, 3353F-06 High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 240A , 1800W, 3354F-06 High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 360A , 1800W, 3356F-05 High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 120A , 600W, 3356F-06 High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 120A , 600WWith Load Surge, 3356F-07 High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 140A , 700W, 33501F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,240A,2400W, 33511F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,240A,3600W, 33521F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,480A,2400W, 33531F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,480A,3600W, 33541F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,720A,3600W, 33512F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,360A,5400W, 33532F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,720A,5400W, 33542F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,1000A,5400W, 33513F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,480A,7200W, 33514F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,600A,9000W, 33515F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,720A,10800W, 33516F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,840A,12600W, 33517F High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,960A,14400W, 33501F-05 High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 240A , 2400W, 33501F-06 High Power DC Electronic Load 60V , 240A , 2500W, 33512F-05 High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 360A , 5400W, 33513F-05 High Power DC Electronic Load 60V , 440A , 6600W, 33521F-05 High Power DC Electronic Load 60V , 500A , 2500W, 33532F-05 High Power DC Electronic Load 150V , 720A , 5400W, 33532F-06 High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 720A , 5400W, 3360F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,20A,600W, 3361F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,40A,1200W, 3362F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,60A,1800W, 3367F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,12A,1800W, 33611F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V, 80A, 2400W, 33621F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,120A,3600W, 33671F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,24A,3600W, 33622F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,180A,5400W, 33672F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,36A,5400W, 33623F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,240A,7200W, 33624F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,300A,9000W, 33674F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,60A,9000W, 33625F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,360A,10800W, 33675F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,72A,10800W, 33626F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,420A,12600W, 33627F High Voltage DC Electronic Load 500V,500A,14400W, 3360F-05 High Voltage DC Electronic Load 600V , 20A , 600W, 3362F-06 High Voltage DC Electronic Load 600V , 60A , 1800W, 33622F-06 High Voltage DC Electronic Load 600V , 180A , 5400W, 34105A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 60V, 1000A, 5KW, 34110A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 60V, 1000A, 10KW, 34115A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 60V, 1000A, 15KW, 34120A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 60V, 1000A, 20KW, 34125A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 60V,1000A,25KW, 34130A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 60V, 1000A, 30KW, 34135A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 60V, 1000A, 35KW, 34140A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 60V, 1000A, 40KW, 34205A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 160A, 5KW, 34210A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 320A, 10KW, 34215A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 480A, 15KW, 34220A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 640A, 20KW, 34225A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 800A, 25KW, 34230A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 960A, 30KW, 34235A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 1120A, 35KW, 34240A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 1280A, 40KW, 34305A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1000V, 50A, 5KW, 34310A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1000V, 100A, 10KW, 34315A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1000V, 150A, 15KW, 34320A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1000V, 200A, 20KW, 34325A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1000V, 250A, 25KW, 34330A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1000V, 300A, 30KW, 34335A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1000V, 350A, 35KW, 34340A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1000V, 400A, 40KW, 34105-02 Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 500A , 5KW, 34110-04 Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 1000A , 10KW, 34115-02 Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 120V , 1000A , 15KW, 34120-02 Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 60V , 1500A , 20KW, 34210-150-300 Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 150V , 300A , 10KW, 36250A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 210A, 50KW, 36260A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 600V, 240A, 60KW, 36350A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1000V, 500A, 50KW, 36360A Compact High Power DC Electronic Load 1000V, 600A, 60KW, 6050-23310FUSB PD Dual-channel Test System, 6050-2-X3310FUSB PD Dual-Channel + AB Switch Test System, 6050-23332FUSB PD Dual-channel Test System, 6050-2-X3332FUSB PD Dual-Channel + AB Switch Test System, 6050-43310FUSB PD 4 Channel ATE Test System, 6050-4-X3310FUSB PD 4 Channel + AB Switch Test System, 6050-43332FUSB PD 4 Channel ATE Test System, 6050-4-X3332FUSB PD 4 Channel + AB Switch Test System, 4031 / 4032 Noise and Timing Analyzer Module1CH/2CH, 4034A Noise and Timing Analyzer ModuleOptionGPIB / RS-232 / USB / LAN, ASD-1150 Programmable AC Power Supply ( 1.5kVA ), ASD-1300 Programmable AC Power Supply ( 3kVA ), ASD-1600 Programmable AC Power Supply ( 6kVA ), ASD-1900 Programmable AC Power Supply ( 9kVA ), No. Interested in the latest news and articles about ADI products, design tools, training and events? The wide range of shunt values permit measuring from 0.1 mA to 100 Amps. All Ohm-Labs' shunts include ISO17025 accredited calibration. I think they like it better when you pronounce the sh as more of a hard c or k sound. These are just a handful of ways current shunts can be used. You will need to mount the shunt in an area without the risk of shorting cables. However, you shouldnt switch the power on if you are measuring the level of resistance. There is no such thing as being too pedantic when it comes to using proper case and punctuation in engineering and electronics. think it best all peoples get grounding in engineering of some Knew of an engineering student who was in the lab. This connection avoids issues such as lead resistance and sensitivity. Shunt, shunt go gunt. Programmable & Single Channel DC Power Supplies, Programmable & Multiple Channel DC Power Supplies, Non-Programmable & Single Channel DC Power Supplies, Non-Programmable & Multiple Channel DC Power Supplies, Video Surveillance Business (InstekDigital). The SCPI communications commands of PCS-1000I allow users to remotely control PCS-1000I via a PC to operate measurement data readbacks. So I believe the theory that j is used, because then the basis element has the same name for expressing both complex numbers and vectors and avoids confusion especially when looking at random calculations out of context. From microgrids and utilities to data centers and factories and more, ADIs domain experts help you design intelligent, flexible, efficient systems to help reach your business goals. SHA Series Shunts | Ohmite Mfg Co The level of power that the resistor must dissipate is expressed in terms of the Power Coefficient of Resistance (PCR) or ppm/W. Swap the values of voltage (V) and current (I) in the equation. Each shunt has a type N output connector to ensure low noise when measuring at high frequencies, providing easy connections from the shunt to the measuring device. To this day Ive got a no feeling in the middle of that finger and there is a dent where it was burned. View in Order History. AD7779 The precision current sensing signal chains offer a wide range of accurate, robust, and industry-proven current measurement solutions that can be adopted in all environments to measure current in low, medium, or high power applications. The basic principle is to use an accurate voltage reference applied over a precision resistor to create an accurate current. It was also a rough introduction to cap bounce-back, dialectic absorption or whatever you want to call; Back in the eighties at least it was not covered in BE/E. Please be kind and respectful to help make the comments section excellent. The application of the Ohms law equation allows the level of voltage and current flow to be measured in amperes. Digitizing Power Meter. Shunt, shunt co cu..! You previously purchased this product. Ohm-Labs, Inc. | Site Map | Privacy Policy & Terms of Use | Nupic Approved Calibration Vendor

Mobile Homes For Sale In Hawaiian Isles Ruskin, Fl, Steinberg Axr4 Vs Apollo, Camps For Sale In Stephensville, La, Itv Grand National Theme Tune, Victoria Quertermous Gaetz Wheelchair, Articles P